CONDITIONAL
Normally
conditional sentences are called conditionals. These sentences
usually contain the conjunction IF. Sometimes they
are called 'if clauses'.
There are mainly two types of conditionals:
The
real conditionals
The
real conditionals express
factual or habitual conditions which have the possibility to occur in the
future or generally occur in the present.
Example:
o I’ll go if you give
me the ball.
o If I feel better,
I’ll certainly play.
o If you do well in
the exams, I’ll buy you a gift.
Structures of the Real
Conditionals:
|
For Future Conditions |
|
If + subject + simple present
tense + subject + will/can/may/must + verb in base form. . . |
|
Example: o
If I have the
money, I will buy a new phone. o
I can make you cry if you keep doing that. o
If he goes
there, he may get robbed. o
If you go
outside, you must wear heavy clothes. |
|
For Habitual Conditions |
|
If + subject + simple present
tense + subject + simple present tense. . . |
|
Example: o
If I have the
money, I always buy the necessary things. o
If Alex gets a
break, he usually calls me. o
He works hard if the payment is good. |
|
For Commands |
|
If + subject + simple present
tense + command form (simple present) . . . . . |
|
Example: o
If you have
the money, use it wisely. o
Please call me if you get a chance. |
The
unreal conditionals
The unreal conditionals express hypothetical conditions which have no
possibility to occur in the past, present or future but describe what
could/might have occurred supposedly.
Example:
o If I were rich, I
would travel my whole life.
o If I had a car, I
could go anywhere.
o If we had not
missed the train, we would have reached the city.
Structures of Unreal
Conditionals:
|
For Present/Future Conditions |
|
If + subject + simple past tense +
subject + would/could/might + verb in base form. . . |
|
Example: o
If I had the
money, I would buy a new phone. o
If I were the
president, I would not support war policies. o
If he were not
ill, he could come with us. o
If I could
play tomorrow, I would definitely win the match. |
|
For Past Conditions |
|
If + subject + past perfect tense
+ subject + would/could/might + have+ verb in past particple form |
|
Example: o
If I had
played well, we would have won the match. o
I could have caught you if you had been a little
closer. o
If he had
written well, I could have given him a better mark. |
Note: There is another structure of
unreal conditional which does not use the conjunction if. Had replaces if and
creates a conditional sentence.
|
Had + subject + verb in
past participle + subject + would/could/might + have + verb in past particple |
|
Example: o
Had I reached
earlier, I could have caught the train. o
Had she found the watch, she would have told me. |
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