Parts of Speech

 

Parts of Speech

In a sentence words are divided into different classes or kinds because of their functions and usage. And it is described by the term of parts of speech.

Parts of speech help to understand the uses or functions words and how different words can make a meaningful sentence.

There are eight types of parts of speech.

Noun

Pronoun

Verb

Adverb

Adjective

Preposition

Conjunction

Interjection

 

                                                          Noun:
Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun.

যেকোন ব্যাক্তি, প্রাণী, বস্তু, ভাব, ভাবনা, কাজ, অবস্থান, দোষ-গুণ, ইত্যাদির নামকে Noun বলে।

Examples:
Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death, etc.
In Sentence: (Bold words are noun)
 A boy is coming towards us.
 Sarah is a pretty girl.
 The sun shines in daytime.
 Education removes darkness.
 Poverty is curse.

Function of Noun:
Noun plays the role in a sentence as subject of a verb or object of a verb or both subject and object of a verb.

Classification of nouns:
Noun can be classified into five categories:

1.      Proper noun

2.      Common noun

3.      Collective noun

4.      Abstract noun

5.      Material noun

                                     i. Proper Noun:

 

Proper noun is the name of some particular person, place or thing.

Example:- Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. ( Dhaka is the name of a particular capital)
-Sunny is a smart boy. ( Sunny is the name of a particular boy)
 Rimi is a clever girl. (Rimi is the name of a particular girl)

Proper noun always starts with capital letter.

                                   ii. Common Noun:

Common noun is a noun that is not the name of a particular thing or class but that represents one or all of the members of that class or thing.

A common noun can be preceded by articles (a, the).

Examples:
 Sunny is a smart boy. (Here boy is common noun while Sunny is a proper noun)
 Rimi is a clever girl. (Here girl is common noun while Rimi is a proper noun)

Examples without sentence:
 People: boy, girl, mother, father, baby, child, teacher, student, man, woman, etc.
 Things: book, table, computer, pen, pencil, etc.
 Animals: bird, dog, cat, cow, goat, wolf, tiger, etc.
 Place: city, country, state, capital, beach, forest, etc.

 

                                iii. Collective Noun:

A collective noun is the name of a collection or number or group of things or persons taken together and considered of as one whole.

Example:
 The navy is ready for the voyage.
 Public was not aware of the incident.
The proposal was approved by the cabinet.

Example without sentence:
Crowd, class, army, mob, gang, team, jury, family, herd, committee, audience, council, public, navy, cabinet, group, company, society, troupe, corporation, senate, faculty, board, etc.

                                            iv. Material Noun:

A material noun is the name of material, substance or ingredient of something.
Such as iron, steel, copper, gold, coal, silver, milk, water, tea, sugar, wheat, etc.

Example:
 The necklace is made of gold.
 The cow gives us milk.
 Give me a cup of tea.

                                        v. Abstract Noun:

An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action, state or concept.
Abstract nouns are the names of such things that can’t be touched, tested, smelt or heard.
Such as:
Quality- honesty, beauty, bravery, wisdom, heroism, stupidity, darkness, kindness, goodness, brightness, etc.
Action- Judgment, movement, laughter, hatred, theft, etc.
State- Childhood, boyhood, youth, death, poverty, slavery, sickness, sleep, etc.